bwe

bwe estimates the bandwidth smoothing parameter for kernel density estimation.

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Syntax

Description

example

bw =bwe(X) Bandwidth and kernel density estimates for a univariate normal sample.

example

bw =bwe(X, bwopt) Bandwidth and kernel density estimates for a univariate mixture of two normals.

Examples

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  • Bandwidth and kernel density estimates for a univariate normal sample.

    • % the normal probability density function
npdf = @(x) (exp(-0.5*x.^2)/sqrt(2*pi));
% normal kernel density
nkde = @(x,unidata,h) mean(npdf((x-unidata)/h)/h); % kernel density
% a univariate normal sample
unidata = randn(200,1);
% bandwidth estimation
h = bwe(unidata);
% plot of kernel density with estimated bandwidth
warning('off');
fplot(@(x) nkde(x,unidata,h),[-10,10],'r')
% plot of the true density
hold on
fplot(@(x) (npdf(x)) ,[-10,10],'k')
% plot of the data
plot(unidata,npdf(unidata),'xb')
warning('on');
axis manual;
title(['estimated bandwidth: ' num2str(h) ]);
legend('estimated density','true density','data');

  • Bandwidth and kernel density estimates for a univariate mixture of two normals.

    • The smoothing is shown for various bandwidth values. 

    % the normal probability density function
npdf = @(x) (exp(-0.5*x.^2)/sqrt(2*pi));
% normal kernel density
nkde = @(x,unidata,h) mean(npdf((x-unidata)/h)/h); % kernel density
% mixture of two univariate normal samples
unidata = [randn(100,1)-5 ; randn(100,1)+5];
i=0;
for smfact = 1:3:7
i=i+1;
% bandwidth estimation
h = bwe(unidata) / smfact;
subplot(3,1,i);
% plot of kernel density with estimated bandwidth
warning('off');
fplot(@(x) nkde(x,unidata,h),[-10,10],'r')
% plot of the true density
hold on;
fplot(@(x) (npdf(x-5) + npdf(x+5)),[-10,10],'k')
% plot of the data
plot(unidata,(npdf(unidata-5) + npdf(unidata+5)),'xb')
warning('on');
if i == 1
xlabel(['bw0 = ' num2str(h) ' (estimated from the data)' ]);
else
xlabel(['bw0 / ' num2str(i) ' = ' num2str(h) ]);
end
end

    Related Examples

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  • Bandwidth and kernel density estimates for a bivariate dataset.

    • load fishery;
X = fishery{:,:};
X = X+10^(-8)*abs(randn(677,2)); % some jittering to avoid dplicate points
h = bwe(X)
h = bwe(X,'scott')
h = bwe(X,'normal')
h = bwe(X,'robust')

    Input Arguments

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    X — Input data. Vector or matrix.

    The data to be smoothed by kernel density estimation.

    Data Types: single| double

    Optional Arguments

    bwopt — Estimation method. String.

    Default is Scott's rule.

    Other options are: - 'normal', the normal reference rule, applied only for d=1. It is valid if the underlying density being estimated is Gaussian.

    - 'robust', is the normal reference rule, applicable in presence of outliers, again for d=1.

    Example: 'method','robust'

    Data Types: char

    Output Arguments

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    bw —bandwidth estimate. Vector or Scalar

    It is a scalar if the data is uni-dimensional, otherwise is a vector with a bandwidth value for each dimension.

    References

    Bowman, A.W. and Azzalini, A. (1997), "Applied Smoothing Techniques for Data Analysis", Oxford University Press.

    Silverman, B.W. (1998), "Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis", Chapman & Hall/CRC, London. [pp. 48]

    See Also

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